What factors can lead to increased venous pressure?

Increased venous pressure can occur when there are obstructions or impediments in the venous system. One significant factor is the presence of kinks or clamps on the venous line, which can physically obstruct the flow of blood, leading to an accumulation of pressure upstream of the obstruction. This can prevent the efficient return of blood to the heart and result in elevated venous pressure.

Infiltration is another contributing factor, which happens when intravenous fluid leaks out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue. This can not only disrupt normal venous return but also create localized swelling that can affect overall venous pressure.

Understanding the implications of proper administration techniques, such as ensuring no obstructions in venous lines or avoiding infiltration, is crucial for patient safety and comfort. The other factors listed either promote proper flow, do not exert pressure changes in the venous system, or do not directly contribute to increased venous pressure.