What is a common access method for hemodialysis?

The arteriovenous (AV) fistula or AV graft is a common access method for hemodialysis because it provides a direct connection between an artery and a vein, allowing for higher blood flow rates necessary for effective dialysis treatment. This method is preferred due to its durability and decreased risk of infection compared to other access methods.

An AV fistula is created by surgically joining a vein and an artery, usually in the arm, several weeks or months before the dialysis is required, which allows the access site to mature and improve blood flow. AV grafts, on the other hand, involve the use of a synthetic tube to connect the artery and vein when a patient's veins are not suitable for a fistula. Both options allow for repeated access to the bloodstream for dialysis sessions, ensuring that the patient receives adequate treatment.

Other access methods like a central venous catheter are typically used for short-term situations or for immediate dialysis access when a fistula or graft cannot be established in time. Peripheral venous catheters are generally utilized for temporary access but are not designed for the high flow rates needed for hemodialysis. Subcutaneous ports are also more suited for infusions or long-term venous access but are not ideal for hemodial