What is a primary disadvantage of a central venous catheter (CVC)?

A central venous catheter (CVC) offers certain advantages in medical settings, particularly for patients requiring long-term intravenous access. However, one of the critical disadvantages associated with CVCs is the higher potential for air embolism. This occurs when air enters the bloodstream, which can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular and neurological events.

CVCs are often inserted into large veins such as the subclavian or internal jugular veins, where they can remain for extended periods. This places patients at risk during insertion, manipulations, or disconnections from the IV line. If proper techniques are not followed, such as maintaining a closed system or ensuring that all connections are secure, air can inadvertently enter the catheter and travel through the bloodstream.

In contrast, while CVCs can provide necessary access, their higher risk of air embolism necessitates additional precautions compared to other methods of venous access, such as peripheral IVs or AV fistulas, which typically pose less risk in this regard. Thus, acknowledging the higher potential for air embolism in CVCs plays a crucial role in patient care and safety protocols.