What is the key difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?

The key difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis lies in the method of waste removal from the blood. Hemodialysis involves the use of a machine, often referred to as a dialyzer or artificial kidney, which filters waste products and excess fluids from the blood through a semi-permeable membrane. This process typically requires access to the bloodstream, usually through a fistula or graft, and it happens in a clinical setting like a hospital or dialysis center.

In contrast, peritoneal dialysis utilizes the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter. A special dialysis solution is introduced into the abdominal cavity, where it absorbs waste products and excess fluids through the peritoneal membrane. After a set dwell time, the solution is drained out, taking the waste products with it. This method allows for more flexibility, as it can often be performed at home.

The distinction is crucial as it influences not only the procedure itself but also the patient's lifestyle and treatment choices. Understanding the mechanics behind these treatments can help patients and caregivers make informed decisions about managing kidney disease.